How do you take Hepatitis B vaccine?

For adults (16 years and above), the standard schedule is 3 injections: the first dose is given on your chosen date, the second dose 1 month later, and the third dose 6 months after the first. Each dose is 1.0 mL (like Engerix B 20 or Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine 1.0 mL) injected into the upper arm muscle by a healthcare worker. You must complete all 3 doses for full protection.

What are the side effects of Hepatitis B vaccine?

Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, mild fever, feeling tired or weak, headache, body aches

Who should not take Hepatitis B vaccine?

Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of Hepatitis B vaccine or to yeast (since the vaccine is made using yeast) should not take it. People who are very sick with high fever should wait until they recover before getting the injection.

Prescription

Vaccine (Recombinant viral vaccine)

Hepatitis B vaccine

Q: What is Hepatitis B vaccine used for?

Prevention of Hepatitis B infection, protection against liver damage, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer caused by Hepatitis B virus

Last reviewed July 2026

Who is this for?

For adults (18+). Standard adult dosing applies: see the How to Take tab for full instructions.

What is this drug?

Hepatitis B vaccine is an injection that helps your body build protection (immunity) against the Hepatitis B virus, which can seriously damage your liver. It works by teaching your immune system to recognize and fight the virus before you ever get infected.

How it works

Activates the adaptive immune system by presenting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) to B and T lymphocytes, stimulating production of anti-HBs antibodies and cell-mediated immunity against hepatitis B virus. This immunological response prevents viral entry into hepatocytes and establishment of chronic infection, thereby protecting against hepatic inflammation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

What is it used for?

Prevention of Hepatitis B infectionprotection against liver damageliver cirrhosisand liver cancer caused by Hepatitis B virus

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What to watch out for

Make sure you complete all 3 doses, as one or two doses alone will not give you full protection. Only receive this vaccine at a registered hospital, clinic, or pharmacy with proper cold chain storage, not from roadside vendors or unregistered places. Ask for your vaccination card and keep it safe as proof of your immunization.

Common Side Effects

Pain
redness
or swelling at the injection site
mild fever
feeling tired or weak
headache
body aches

Serious Side Effects

Severe allergic reaction (difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, rash all over the body): go to the hospital immediately. High fever that does not come down with paracetamol or lasts more than 2 days should also be reported to your doctor.

Drug Interactions

If you are taking drugs that suppress your immune system (such as steroids or cancer medicines), the vaccine may not work as well, so inform your doctor. There are no major food or alcohol interactions, but it is wise to be in good health when receiving each dose for the best immune response.

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Pregnancy & Breastfeeding Warning

Hepatitis B vaccine is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but you should inform your doctor so they can decide the best timing for you.

Who Should NOT Take This

Anyone who has had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of Hepatitis B vaccine or to yeast (since the vaccine is made using yeast) should not take it. People who are very sick with high fever should wait until they recover before getting the injection.

How to Store

This vaccine must be stored in a refrigerator between 2°C and 8°C; it should never be frozen or left in the sun or hot room. In Nigeria's heat, this is very important, so only get your vaccine from hospitals, pharmacies, or health centres with proper cold storage. Keep out of reach of children.

For information only: not medical advice. Always talk to a doctor or pharmacist before changing your medication.